Pig's Eye Lake Islands Habitat Restoration and Enhancement

Problem: Pigs Eye Lake is a large backwater of the Mississippi River, located in the southeast corner of St. Paul. The lake is shallow, open water, with a maximum depth of about 4 feet. The shallow depth and mucky lake bottom mean that the wind-generated waves cause a significant adverse effect on water quality and substrate stability. The waves also continuously erode the valuable vegetation on the edges of the lake, which has led to an estimated loss of 111 acres of wetland shoreline habitat since 1951. The conditions have created a negative feedback loop with no foreseeable improvements without intervention. Another 37.5 acres of biologically significant marsh and bottomland forest is at risk over the next 50 years, and new vegetation is unable to establish under the current conditions.Resource Significance: Despite the present poor conditions of Pigs Eye Lake, the area is a rare resource in this stretch of the Mississippi River where the floodplain is narrow and urban development is heavy. The shorelines and floodplain protected by this project have been identified by the Minnesota Biological Survey as areas of either outstanding or moderate biodiversity significance. The adjacent heron rookery is one of the largest in the state. Pigs Eye Lake is part of a network of aquatic corridors with connections to the Mississippi River, the Minnesota River, and Battle Creek. This project would restore, protect, and enhance these resources.Proposed Plan: The proposed plan is to construct a complex of 7 islands in Pigs Eye Lake. The features were designed to provide a variety of floodplain habitat types, blend in with the natural environment, and create barriers for wind, waves, and visual disturbances to visiting wildlife. Twenty acres of islands would be constructed and planted with a mix of native floodplain species. Shallow sandbar habitat is incorporated into the island perimeters. Three of the islands were specially-designed to establish 18 acres of wetland by creating enclosed, protected spaces in their interiors that would be planted with native wetland plants. The islands were strategically placed to serve as barriers to wind and protect the existing valuable shoreline habitat from further erosion. Outcomes for wildlife: The project would result in numerous habitat improvements, including: protected stopover areas for migrating ducks and waterfowl; preservation of the existing valuable shoreline; cover, spawning, and structural habitat for native fish; sandy areas for turtle nesting; shallow and more stable substrate to encourage macroinvertebrate colonization; water quality improvement due to reduced sediment re-suspension; and incorporation of depth and habitat diversity within the lake. Collaboration: The project has been extensively coordinated with natural resource agencies and other stakeholders, and has received widespread support. Stakeholder meetings were held throughout the planning process, and representatives from the Minnesota DNR, National Park Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and Ramsey County participated in discussions to provide recommendations specific to habitat needs. Federal and State environmental review processes have been completed. Permitting agencies have not indicated obstacles with the issuance of permits for project construction.