DNR Grassland - Phase 8
We restored 2,081 acres of grassland and enhanced 42,425 acres of grassland for a total of 44,506 acres of wildlife habitat across 329 sites with these funds.
We select projects using a number of criteria and reviews to make sure the DNR was spending these funds in the best and most productive ways. We can summarize our results in the following table.
Project Type Acres # Sites
Grassland Restoration 2,085 63
Prescribed Fire 36,896 159
Woody removal 4,461 60
interseed / diversity enhancement 500 27
Conservation grazing infrastructure 120 1
Prescribed Browsing-woody control (goats) 299 9
Herbaceous Invasive Control 145 10
Sum 44,506 329
This appropriation involved the Roving Crews. These Crews allow the DNR to be very flexible. While they have a list of projects to work on, they can also respond fairly quickly if there's an enhancement opportunity shows up. For instance, a short dry period in a part of the state may allow them to conduct a late summer prescribed fire which was not in any of the original work plans. Roving Crews have begun experimenting with different burn seasons. Typically, we burn in the spring before the nesting season. However, this can stimulate the warm-season grasses and begin to crowd out forbs, lowering plant diversity. Burning in the late summer, after birds have fledged but with enough time for some late summer regrowth, has shown to increase both plant diversity as well as structural diversity in the habitat. Just as important, it can knock back the dominant grasses such as big bluestem and Indian grass just enough for forbs to express themselves the following year.
Although 44,506 acres appears to be a large number, we feel the actual acres benefitted may be much larger. We know nest predation of grassland birds is higher near woody vegetation and some birds just won't nest near woody veg. By removing trees, we are impacting both the footprint of where those trees were but also the surrounding grassland, up to a half mile from the project, where nest success should now be higher.
We installed grazing infrastructure on one site and used goats to browse undesirable and invasive woody plants. This will accomplish two goals. FIrst, we will get good habitat work on our public lands. Second, its a way to further develop a working lands approach to land management and incorporate conservation work into the state's agricultural economy. I have personally visited a number of public lands grazing sites in western Minnesota and have always been impressed with what I've seen. Although grazing is a summer activity, I've flushed a number of birds, both pheasants and songbirds, from these areas in the fall. Often the biggest benefit to grazing comes in the first couple years after grazing as the habitat is regrowing.
Although there is still much to learn, we have learned a lot in recent years about restoration techniques. We still use several methods for restoring prairie and there's probably no one perfect way of doing it. It's very clear to someone when they are walking through a recent restoration and an older restoration. Even if they can't identify every plant, the diversity people see is striking.
The DNR has traditionally focused on game species such as pheasants. However, there is more and more interest in pollinators and biodiversity. Fortunately, just about every study out there shows that management and restoration for pollinators and songbirds often creates the best habitat for game species. Diverse, healthy, productive habitat is good for a wide range of species. These projects can also increase the amount of carbon absorbed and stored by the plants and soils on these sites.
As we continue to use these funds, costs for projects will probably increase. In the early years of these funds, we completed a number of simpler or easier projects, the low-hanging fruit. Now we are left with the larger and more challenging projects. While they are good habitat projects, they will probably increase in costs over time.
In our budget table, we prorated our budget for individual projects by the acres accomplished. Staff funding was combined into one value. Identifying funding for each position would be an accounting challenge.
$3,983,000 the second year is to the commissioner of natural resources to accelerate restoration and enhancement of prairies, grasslands, and savannas on wildlife management areas, scientific and natural areas, native prairie bank land, and bluff prairies on state forest land in southeastern Minnesota. A list of proposed land restorations and enhancements must be provided as part of the required accomplishment plan.
Prairie habitats once covered one-third of the state but presently less than 2% remain. Native prairie, other grasslands that provides habitat for wildlife, and wetlands are key components of functional prairie landscapes that have the capacity to adapt to changing environmental conditions. While these appropriation only added 2,085 acres of grassland acres to the state through restoration, these funds enhanced a much larger area. Put in another fashion, we restored and enhanced 69.5 square miles with these funds. That's an area 8.3 by 8.3 miles in area. None of this work was targeted at a specific species of wildlife. We used that approach that diverse productive habitats benefit a wide variety of both game and non-game wildlife species as well as any threatened or endangered species. In our restorations, we use very diverse seed mixes. This is obviously beneficial for pollinators. However, all those insects also create a food base for a large number of wildlife species. The structural diversity all those plant species create in the habitat allow every species to find an ideal niche in the grass as well as accomodates different life history stages of wildlife.