Resilient Habitat for Heritage Brook Trout - Phase 2
Minnesota Trout Unlimited, the Minnesota Land Trust, and The Nature Conservancy will combine their expertise within 12 targeted watersheds to increase the resilience of remnant populations of brook trout unique to Southeast Minnesota. We will protect 535 acres and restore/enhance 95 acres of instream and adjacent upland habitats to address stream degradation (floodplains, gullies, slopes, and bluffs), slow runoff, increase infiltration, and keep aquatic habitat productive. This holistic watershed approach, combined with in-stream enhancements designed for Heritage Brook Trout, will protect the long-term health of these unique coldwater communities.
Word has spread that Southeast Minnesota's streams support a robust trout fishery and trout fishing now generates $800 Million annually to local communities. Less well known is that a small number of these streams hold remnant populations of native brook trout unique to Southeast Minnesota. They have persisted for thousands of years and through the time of European settlement. These "Heritage Brook Trout" populations are indigenous to this unique area and a Species in Greatest Conservation Need. Yet their long-term persistence is far from secured.
Small populations of Heritage Brook Trout persist in perhaps 20% of Southeast trout streams, and are abundant in just 17 streams. These face growing challenges from land conversion, parcelization, intensified agricultural practices, poor land management and an increasingly wet and warm climate. Recent DNR research suggests that consistent baseflow from groundwater springs can provide a level of resilience to these coldwater systems. Coldwater streams with ample spring baseflow may provide a climate refugia for brook trout and other coldwater species.
Minnesota Trout Unlimited and DNR Fisheries have made significant investments in restoration and enhancement of in-stream habitat in Southeast Minnesota. Protecting the health of the surrounding watersheds will be critical to maintaining these coldwater streams and gaining the maximum benefit from in-stream improvements. Improved riparian habitat and connectivity are key factors in stream quality; they also provide important corridors for terrestrial wildlife, connecting large habitat cores.
Program partners Minnesota Trout Unlimited, Minnesota Land Trust, The Nature Conservancy, and Trust for Public Land used several resilience factors to identify 12 watersheds where conservation of robust populations of Heritage Brook Trout is most achievable. Partners will harness their collective expertise in land protection and terrestrial and in-stream habitat restoration/enhancement to increase the resiliency of these coldwater systems and their Heritage Brook Trout. Partner Trust for Public Land will not be participating in this proposal.
While restoring in-stream habitat has improved stream bank and aquatic habitat in many coldwater reaches, little work has been done restoring broader floodplain areas surrounding DNR easement corridors. Restoring floodplain forests, wet prairies and wetlands provides significant benefits to stream health and corridors provide habitat connectivity.
Because of the Driftless Area's rugged terrain, the vast majority of its natural communities occupy steep slopes that play an important role in the region's hydrology. Protecting through targeted fee and easement acquisition and improving the condition of these forests and prairies through restoration and enhancement will improve their ability to slow runoff and increase infiltration. This will reduce sediment and nutrient delivery to streams and improve the hydrology of the watershed by reducing peak flows and increasing baseflows, while also improving plant diversity and habitat for wildlife in one of the most biologically diverse parts of Minnesota. Restoring habitat along the upper edges of steep forested slopes will help buffer the natural communities, while significantly slowing the formation and spread of gullies that deliver large amounts of sediment and nutrient runoff directly to streams.
$2,486,000 the second year is to the commissioner of natural resources for agreements to acquire permanent conservation easements and to restore and enhance habitat in targeted watersheds of southeast Minnesota to improve heritage brook trout and coldwater aquatic communities. Of this amount, $400,000 is to The Nature Conservancy, $612,000 is to Trout Unlimited, and $1,474,000 is to Minnesota Land Trust. Up to $168,000 to Minnesota Land Trust is to establish a monitoring and enforcement fund as approved in the accomplishment plan and subject to Minnesota Statutes, section 97A.056, subdivision 17.
Stream to bluff habitat restoration and enhancement will keep water on the land to slow runoff and degradation of aquatic habitat - Conservation easement (MLT) - acres and shoreline protected. Restoration and enhancement (TNC and MNTU) - acres restored/enhanced; instream feet restored
Landowners and USFWS